Ťahák z AJ

being decisive-able to make quick decisions
b. efficient-doing things quickly, not leaving
tasks unfinished, having a tidy desk, and so on
b. authoritative-able to give orders
b. competent-knowing one’s job perfectly, as
well as the work of one’s subordinates
b. persuasive-able to convince people to do
things
allocate-resources; supervise-subordinates
develop-strategies; make-decisions
set-objectives; measure-performance
motivate-people; perform-jobs
communicate-information
autonomous-independent, able to take
decisions without consulting a higher authority
decentralization-dividing an organization into
decision-making units that are not centrally
controlled
function-a specific activity in a company, e.g.
production, marketing, finance
hierarchy-a system of authority with different
levels, one above the other
line authority-the power to give instructions to
people at the level below in the chain of
command
report to-to be responsible to someone and to
take instructions from him or her
subordinates-people working under someone
else in a hierarchy
collective bargaining-negotiation between
unions and employers about their members
wages and working conditions
a strike-a stoppage of work, as a protest against
working conditions, low pay, and so on
a go-slow(GB)or slowdown(US)-deliberate
reduction in the rate of production, as a protest
working-to-rule-deliberately obeying every
regulation in an organization, which severely
disrupts normal operations
industrial action-a general term for strikes, go-
slows, work-to-rules, and so on
to picket-to protest outside a factory or other
workplace, and try to persuade workers and
delivery drives not to enter
1. Managers have to decide how best to
Allocate the human, physical and capital
resources available to them.
2. Managers-logically-have to make sure that
the jobs and tasks given to their subordinates are
manageable.
3. There is no point in setting objectives if you
don’t communicate them to your staff.
4. Managers have to supervise their
subordinates, and to measure, and try to
improve their performance.
5. Managers have to check whether objectives
and targets are being achieved.
6. A top manager whose performance is
unsatisfactory can be dismissed by the
company’s board of directors.
7. Top managers are responsible for the
innovations that will allow a company to adapt
to a changing world.
Most business organizations have a hierarchy
consisting of several levels and a clear line of
command. There may also be staff positions that
are not integrated into the hierarchy. The
organization might also be divided into
functional departments, such as production,
finance, marketing, sales and personnel. Larger
organizations are often further divided into
autonomous divisions, each with its own
functional sections. More recent organizational
system include matrix management and teams,
both of which combine people from different
functions and keep decision-making at lower
levels.
Although most organizations are hierarchical,
with a number of levels, and a line of command
running from the top to the bottom, hierarchies
should be avoided because they make decision-
making slow and difficult. A solution to this
problem is matrix management, which allows
people from the traditional functional
departments of productions, finance, marketing,
sales, etc. to work together in teams. Another
solution is decentralization: the separation of the
organization into competing autonomous
divisions.
Many people looking for work read the job
vacancies advertised by companies and
employment agencies in newspapers or on the
internet. To reply to an advertisement is to apply
for a job. (You become candidate or an
applicant.) You write an application, or fill in
the company’s application form, and send it,
along with your CV and a covering letter. You
often have to give the names of two people who
are prepared to write references for you. If your
qualifications and abilities match the job
description, you might be to short listed, i.e.
selected to attend an interview.
Unions are necessary voice for the interests of
workers. In country like S. Korea, or Poland, or
South Africa, trade unions have played an
enormous dynamic political and economic role.
As long as employers have needs that need to be
represented they’ll need trade unions. Sensible
employers, that want effective social peace and
want also a team-working and dynamic
economy, should be encouraging trade unions.
In some of the most successful economies, a
strong trade union presence is recognized by
employees and accepted as a partner by
government.