SYNTAX prednáška 3.hod. (Lojová)

SYNTAX PREDNÁŠKA                26.2.2008

 

 

WORD ORDER - VARIATION OF CLAUSE TYPES

 

 

INVERSION  (the change of Subject and Verb)

   

1. questions
2. so, neither, no

 

So am I.

Neither am I.

 

1. negative element fronted

 

Never have I seen him. it’s about emphasizing

Never did I go there.

 

1. conditional

 

Had I been there.

Should you find him, let me know.

Were you to find him, he would come(keby náhodou)

 

 

FRONTING

 

1. emphasis (contextually)

 

        I don´t like this bookThis book I don´t like any close element we want to  

                                                                                 emphasize we can put in front

 

1. Subject - Verb inversion / SVC, SVA

 

She became an excellent student An excellent student she become.

Here is the book  Here the book is.

 

 

        this is very frequent

 

1. Passive

 

The window was broken.

 

 

EXISTENTIONAL “THERE”

 

        There are many students in the class.

EXTRA POSITION - anticipatory “IT”/ dummy “IT” & postponed “S”

 

 

        It’s raining - dummy IT

 

        It is difficult to complete the exercise

 

        It is difficult to work with you

THE RULE - personal is preffered

You are difficult to work with

To work with you is difficult

 

 

PASSIVE

 

        He was given a book

 

 

 

ELLIPSES (dropping, omitting - zamlčaný podmet)

 

        Sorry.

        Thank you.

 

 

 

CLOVTING (rozťať, rozštiepiť vetu)

 

 

        I like Marry Brown  Who I like is Marry Brown

 

 

 

 

it is about emphasis

 

        Marry missed the class  It was Marry who missed the class

                                        Who missed the class was Marry