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Morphology is the field within linguis

tics

that studies the internal

structure of words.

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

is the scientific study of language,

which can be theoretical or

applied.



Linguists may specialize in one of

the following subparts:

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Phonetics- the study of the physical aspects of sounds of human
language

Phonology - the study of patterns of a language's sounds

Morphology - the study of the internal structure of words

Syntax - the study of how words combine to form grammatical
sentences

Semantics - the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics)
and fixed word combinations (phraseology), and how these combine
to form the meanings of sentences

Words as units in the lexicon are the subject matter of lexicology.

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SENTENCE

CLAUSE

(s)

Clause elements

Phrase (s) (group of words)

Word (s)

Morpheme (s)

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meaningful units.

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

and



to



desk

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raincoat rain + coat

reader

read + -er

untie

un- + tie.

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Morphemes

Meaningful elements

smaller than the words .

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HELPFULNESS

HEL

P

FUL

NESS

CORE, ROOT

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 FREE MORPHEMES

 BOUND MORPHEMES

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Morphological structure of words is

largely independent of their

phonological structure

catamaran knickerbocker

Tenths - (ten, -th, -s)

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BOUND MORPHEMES

Prefixes

En -large

Suffixes

Perform –ance

AFFIXES

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 Only root morphemes can be free, so

affixes are neccessarily bound.

 The roots are not always free.

BOUND ROOTS

FREE ROUTS

Audi-ence

hear-ing

Leg-ible

read-able

Magn-ify

en-large

Clar-ity

white-ness

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• There also exist words which contain more than

one root.

• The ones formed out of two or more free roots are

called COMPOUNDS

BOOKCASE, MOTORBIKE, PENKNIFE, TRUCK-DRIVER

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 A word can also consist of two or more bound

roots

ELECTROLYSIS, MICROSCOPY, ECHINODERM.

 Other words which contain one bound and

one free morpheme

MICROFILM, ELECTROMETER.

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MORPHEMES

 derivational

inflectional

work – work(-s)

work – work (-ed)

paradigm

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Analytical process: Synthetical process:

Doctor

doktor

To a doctor

k doktorovi

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 many morphemes have two or more

different pronounciations called

ALLOMORPHS

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

(-s) ,



three pronounciations:

1.

(s) as in cats or lamps

2.

(z) as in dogs or days

3.

(iz or ez) as in horses or judges