Odonata

VáVžky

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Vážky (ODONATA)

Rad:Odonata

Anisozygoptera

Zygoptera
(damselflies)

Anisoptera
(dragonflies)

3 podrady

Japonsko, Nepál

Life History
• Good fossil record, 250 mya
– Protodonata from upper Carboniferous (325 mya)
• Unknown if earliest Odonata had aquatic larvae
– Earliest fossil record during Lower Permian
• Hemimetabolous with prolarva (10 – 15 instars)
• Palaeopterous
• Adults & larva are beneficial predators
• Larvae exhibit conspicuous diversity of form & behavior
• Excellent visual acuity

Larva šidla

Larva šidielka

Odonata Egg

• • Hatches within 8-30 days, or
• when submerged by water
• • Some have winter diapause
• • Some show considerable
• variation within clutch
• – Pantala flavescens, eggs from
• single clutch hatched over 35
• days
• – Epitheca – even longer

Odonata Oviposition

•

• In tandem or alone
• Tandem pairs tap water surface or perch
• Male may release female while flying over water
• Males may guard females (Libellulidae)
• Eggs number from 200-5,000+/female

Respiration

• Adults – via thoracic & abdominal spiracles
• Larvae –
• Zygoptera: chiefly cutaneous (via wing pads inlater instars),

supplemented by caudal lamellae

• Anisoptera: rectal gills; also used for jet
• propulsion
• In emergencies will come to surface

Prolarva

• – 1st larval instar
• – unable to walk or swim,

but….

• – specialized for travel between

oviposition site

• and micro-habitat for free-

living larva

• – Doesn’t feed
• – Generally short lived

Odonata Naiad

• Larval stage lasts few weeks to 8 years
•

Detect prey predominately with eyes or
mechanoreceptors

•

Prey capture facilitated by prehensile
labium

•

• Found in temporary or permanent
habitats

•

– Fern bracts, tree holes, bromeliads

•

• Some are semiaquatic

•

• Feeding behavior:

•

(1) detecting prey

•

(2) Ejecting labium to grasp prey

•

(3) employing mandibles to devour prey

Tvar tracheálnych žiaber

Zmeny tvaru žiaber počas

ontogenézy

Suchozemská larva

Zvliekanie (ecdysis) 1

14

16

17

LOTICKÉ BIOTOPY

a./ krenál až rithrál (horské a podhorské oblasti)
cenóza Cordulegaster (bidentatus, boltoni) - Ophiogomphus cecilia
sprievodné druhy: Calopteryx virgo

b/ potamál (nížinné úseky väčších riek)
cenóza Gomphus (vulgatissimus, flavipes, simillimus) - Calopteryx
splendens
sprievodné druhy: Onychogomphus forcipatus, Somatochlora
metallica.

LENITICKÉ BIOTOPY

a/ horské rašeliniská, vrchoviská, plesá
cenóza Agrion (hastulatum) - Leucorrhinia (dubia) - Aeshna (juncea).
sprievodné druhy: Coenagrion hastulatum, Somatochlora arctica, S.
alpestris , Aeshna subarctica.

b/ rašeliniská a slatiny podhorského a nížinného stupňa
cenóza Leucorrhinia (pectoralis, albifrons, caudalis)

c/ rybníky, vodné nádrže s voľnou vodnou hladinou
cenóza Erythromma (najas, viridulum) - Anax (imperator, parthenope)

LENITICKÉ BIOTOPY

d/ eutrofné, prehrievané menšie vodné biotopy, materiálové
jamy, mŕtve ramená
vodné nádrže, atď.
cenóza Lestes (dryas, virens, barbatus, sponsa) - Sympetrum
(sanquineum, flaveolum) - Aeshna (affinis, mixta).

e/ prietočné ramená väčších riek, melioračné kanály
cenóza Orthetrum (cancellatum, brunneum, albistylum) -
Platetrum depressum - Sympterum (vulgatum, striolatum)

ZYGOPTERA_Tracheálne

dýchanie